氯化钙对盐胁迫下荆芥种子萌发及幼苗生理特性的影响

为研究盐胁迫下,氯化钙浸种对荆芥种子萌发及苗期生理特性的影响,以荆芥种子为试验材料,研究了不同浓度氯化钙（0、2.5、5、10、20、40 mmol·L^-1）浸种后,在150 mmol·L^-1 NaCl胁迫下,荆芥种子的萌发及幼苗生长指标的变化。结果表明,在150 mmol·L^-1 NaCl胁迫下,荆芥种子萌发及幼苗生长受到明显抑制。与单纯盐胁迫处理相比,氯化钙浸种处理后荆芥种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数及幼苗的株高、根长、鲜重等均有不同程度提高;荆芥幼苗中超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶的活性提高;幼苗中丙二醛及脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白含量降低。由此表明,氯化钙浸种对NaCl胁迫均具有一定缓解作用,其中20 mmol·L^-1氯化钙浸种对盐胁迫的缓解效果最佳,可显著提高盐胁迫下荆芥幼苗的抗氧化酶活性,缓解膜脂过氧化作用,降低膜系统损伤程度,增强荆芥幼苗的抗盐性,为荆芥在盐渍土地区的栽培生产提供理论依据和技术参考。     

垄膜沟播与秸秆还田对内蒙古黄土高原玉米农田土壤水分、酶活性及产量的影响

为明确全覆膜垄膜沟播种植和秸秆还田措施下玉米农田土壤保水改土效果及增产效应,在内蒙古黄土高原旱作区对比分析了全覆膜垄膜沟播结合秸秆还田（S+M）、秸秆还田（S）、全覆膜垄膜沟播（M）、秸秆不还田不覆膜（CK）4种不同耕作方式下土壤水分、酶活性变化规律及玉米产量形成特性。结果表明：全覆膜垄膜沟播种植和秸秆还田均能提高玉米各生育阶段0—100 cm土层土壤含水量,尤以0—20 cm土层土壤含水量差异最为显著,且全覆膜垄膜沟播种植提升效果优于秸秆还田,两者耦合后土壤含水量表现为最大;垄膜沟播和秸秆还田均可显著提高土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶活性,且随玉米生育期推移,土壤酶活性呈先增加后降低趋势,在大喇叭口期达到峰值;同时,垄膜沟播和秸秆还田均能提高玉米干物质量和产量,由高到低次序为S+M＞M＞S＞CK,与CK相比,S、M、S+M处理玉米产量分别提高11.84%、37.83%、45.13%,全覆膜垄膜沟播结合秸秆还田明显优于其他处理,可作为内蒙古黄土高原旱作区玉米节水增效增产栽培模式。     

马氏珠母贝IGF2BP1基因的鉴定及对矿化相关基因表达的影响

胰岛素样生长因子2结合蛋白( IGF2BPs)是一种重要的RNA代谢调控因子,涉及多个不同的生物学过程。本研究鉴定了一个马氏珠母贝IGF2BP1基因,命名为PfIGF2BP1-1,该基因cDNA全长为7348 bp,ORF长 1818 bp,编码605个氨基酸。多序列比对和系统进化分析表明,PfIGF2BP1-1有2个RRM结构域和4个KH结构域,与其他物种来源的IGF2BPs同源。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,PfIGF2BP1-1 在马氏珠母贝的8个组织中均有表达,在肌肉组织表达最高,其次为足和外套膜组织。利用pET-32a 原核表达载体构建了含有PfIGF2BP1-1成熟多肽区的重组质粒并成功表达蛋白。在IPTG浓度为0.5 mmol/L,37 ℃培养8 h的条件下诱导表达PfIGF2BP1-1蛋白最佳。PfIGF2BP1-1蛋白刺激马氏珠母贝外套膜原代细胞,引起壳基质蛋白基因Accbp、MSI7、Nacrein的表达水平显著上升(p < 0.05),表明PfIGF2BP1-1蛋白可诱导壳矿化相关基因的表达参与马氏珠母贝的生物矿化过程。     

大黄、穿心莲、板蓝根和金银花对异育银鲫免疫机能的影响

用分别含1%(质量分数)的大黄、穿心莲、板蓝根和金银花水提取物的饵料连续28d饲喂异育银鲫(Carassiusauratusgibelio),在不同时间取样,测定其血液白细胞的吞噬活性、血清和体表粘液的溶菌酶活性。结果表明,大黄、穿心莲、板蓝根和金银花可使异育银鲫血液白细胞的吞噬活性有明显提高。投喂药饵后4d,吞噬百分比(PP)与对照组相比均有极显著差异(P<0.01);投喂药饵后4d或7d,吞噬指数(IP)与对照组相比有显著(P<0.05)或极显著差异;在停投药饵后的10d,PP、IP与对照组相比仍有极显著差异。同时,投喂这4种中草药后,异育银鲫血清和体表粘液溶菌酶的活性也有明显提高,但体表粘液溶菌酶活性远远高于血清中溶菌酶活性。投喂药饵7d后,溶菌酶的活性与对照组之间有极显著差异;但在停止投药后10d,溶菌酶的活性与对照组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。     

植物生长调节剂2，4-D 对两种绿藻生长的影响

测定了植物生长调节剂2，4-D(2，4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid)在不同浓度作用下对两种绿藻 --蛋白核小球藻和斜生栅藻增殖和叶绿素含量的影响。结果表明，0． 25 mg/L 和0． 50 mg/L 的2，4-D 分别是 促进小球藻和栅藻生长的最佳浓度；在0． 50 mg/L 的2，4-D 作用下小球藻和栅藻的叶绿素含量最高。高浓度 的2，4-D(＞4． 0 mg/L)对两种藻类的生长有毒性作用。     

栉孔扇贝人工雌核发育的细胞学观察

运用荧光显微镜观察了栉孔扇贝正常卵子与雌核发育卵子在受精和成熟分裂过程中的核相变化。结果表明,尽管紫外线照射没有影响受精卵的成熟分裂以及雌性、雄性原核的形成,但使雌核卵的发育速度出现明显的滞缓。在第1次卵裂中期,雌核发育卵子中的雄性原核没有像雌性原核那样形成染色体,而是浓缩为一染色质小体(DCB),游离在细胞质中,不参与核分裂。胞质分裂结束时,DCB位于2个卵裂球之一的细胞质内或在赤道板处被分割成两部分。实验结果首次提供了栉孔扇贝雌核发育的细胞学证据。     

Feeding juvenile Artemia enriched with ascorbic acid improves larval survival in the spiny lobster Jasus edwardsii

Newly hatched Jasus edwardsii phyllosoma were fed unenriched Artemia [endogenous ascorbic acid (AA) concentration of 166 μg g^?1 dry weight (dw)], Artemia supplemented with algae (AA concentration 594 μg g^?1 dw) or with ascorbyl‐2‐polyphosphate (A2P) (AA concentration 11 737 μg g^?1 dw) to examine possible benefits of AA enhancement on culture. Plain or algal‐enriched Artemia were fed continuously for 28 days in two treatments during the study. Four other treatments received A2P‐enriched Artemia on a progressive basis starting from the commencement of the trial (D‐0), the third (D‐3), sixth (D‐6) or ninth day (D‐9) of Stage I (14 days) and similarly during Stage II (14 days). Prior to the commencement of A2P supplementation, plain Artemia were supplied to these animals. By Stage III (28 days feeding), algal, D‐0 and D‐3 phyllosoma had attained the largest size. The uptake and retention of AA by Stage III phyllosoma appeared to be dose‐dependent with the highest concentration of AA incorporation evident in D‐0 phyllosoma (1816 μg g^?1 dw), while algal and plain phyllosoma contained the lowest concentrations (600 and 300 μg g^?1 dw, respectively). Survival at Stage III was highest in D‐0 phyllosoma (89%) and lowest in plain phyllosoma (51%). There was a positive relationship between phyllosoma AA concentration and larval survival (R² = 0.8328, P < 0.0001). D‐0 phyllosoma had the lowest stress index when subjected to an osmotic/temperature activity test, indicative of better survival in culture compared to plain, algal and D‐9 phyllosoma, which had consistently higher indices. A negative relationship existed between phyllosoma AA concentration and stress indices at Stage III (R² = 0.9263, P < 0.0001), suggesting that AA from the Artemia diet conferred stress resistance.     

大黄鱼发育进程中消化酶的活力变化

不同发育阶段大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)样品体重30～500g,取自厦门海区网箱养殖区。以酶学分析方法测定大黄鱼发育进程中胃蛋白酶、类胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶4种消化酶的活力。结果表明,在大黄鱼发育进程中,对蛋白的整体消化能力始终较强;4种消化酶活力表现出2种变化模式,其中胃蛋白酶和类胰蛋白酶活力逐渐降低,而淀粉酶和脂肪酶活力呈上升趋势。胃蛋白酶、类胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶的比活力随鱼体重的变化分别遵循回归方程Y=34．89／X 0．050;Y=53．36／X 0．29;Y=-22．38／X 1．13和Y=-1．35／X 0．13。初步认为,在大黄鱼发育过程中,150g体重为其生长发育的转折点,这一阶段各种消化酶的变化可反映其食性的变化情况,本研究旨为大黄鱼配合饲料的研制与开发提供基础依据。     

29种天然植物提取物对指环虫杀灭作用的研究

利用金鱼、鲢、鲤、草鱼、欧洲鳗鲡所寄生的坏鳃指环虫、中型指环虫、鲢指环虫、伸展指环虫、拟指环虫为材料,建立以金鱼为寄主、中型指环虫为指示虫的杀虫药物筛选动物模型,使寄生感染率达100%。利用该模型对29种天然植物提取物进行杀虫活性筛选。结果表明:银杏外种皮、博落回、小果博落回、鸦胆子、云南重楼、杠柳、槟榔、陈皮最高杀虫率在48 h内均达70%以上,且对鱼安全性较高;刺五加、细柱五加、商陆、乌头、松针、藁本、青蒿、辣蓼、苦参对指环虫有一定的杀灭作用,杀虫率在20%~40%之间;荆芥、山奈、葫芦巴、萹蓄、芫花、马钱子、肉豆蔻、马兜铃、直立百部、千年健、常山、北乌头在实验浓度内对指环虫没有明显的杀灭作用。其中,银杏外种皮、博落回、小果博落回杀灭活性最强,使用浓度较低,该实验条件下杀灭率100%;鸦胆子、槟榔对鱼最为安全,但杀虫浓度较高。     

Paralytic shellfish poisoning toxin analysis of the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Alexandrium</Emphasis> (Dinophyceae) occurring in Korean coastal waters

ABSTRACT:   Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins produced by Alexandrium isolates from Korea were analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromography. Species designation of the regional isolates was determined by morphological criteria and ribotyping inferred from sequences of the 28S rDNA D1-D2 region. Toxin analysis performed at the exponential growth phase, revealed that the two strains of A. fraterculus were non-toxic, while the strains of A. tamarense and A. catenella were toxic. Toxic isolates DPC7 and DPC8 of A. catenella produced GTX1, 2, 3, 4, 5, dcGTX2, 3, C1, 2, neoSTX and STX with trace or non-detectable levels of C3 and C4, while isolates UL7, KDW981, SJW97043, SJW97046, KJC97111 and KJC97112 of A. tamarense produced GTX1, 2, 3, 4, dcGTX3, C1, 2, neoSTX with trace or non-detectable levels of C3, 4, dcSTX and STX, and no GTX5 and dcGTX2. The major toxins produced by A. catenella were C1 +2, and those of A. tamarense were C1 +2 and GTX4 in most of the isolates. A. tamarense strains other than SJW97046 produced a relatively high proportion of carbamate toxins, reflecting the high toxicity scores of shellfish intoxication in sampled coastal areas. Two representative toxic isolates, A. tamarense SJW97043 and A. catenella DPC7, were cultured for 30 days in batch mode and subjected to toxin analysis at 5-day intervals. Comparison of toxin productivity in terms of total toxin content, toxin components, and their variations with culture age revealed marked differences between the two strains.